A role for memory in divided attention between two independent stimuli
نویسندگان
چکیده
One traditional psychophysical measure of increment threshold presents a brief increment in an ongoing stimulus pedestal for detection. In another class of experiments, the signal can be either an increment or a decrement, and the subject must say which. These configurations are illustrated in Fig. 1. It shows a pedestal alone, S(0), the pedestal plus an incremental signal, S(+), and the pedestal plus a decremental signal, (S-). In what has been called the "detection" paradigm, subjects must discriminate trials with S(+) from those with S(0); in the "identification" paradigm, every trial has a signal and the subject must identify it as S(+) or S(-). Based on the greater difference between S(+) and S(-), a SignalDetection-Theory (SDT)(Green and Swets, 1966) analysis of these paradigms predicts higher performance in identification. Surprisingly, though, this has not been the case. For example, when Macmillan (1971, 1973) presented tonal signals on tonal pedestals or noise on noise,he found higher performance in detection than in identification. Because of the seeming violation of SDT, Macmillan (1971) suggested that detection was based on special sensitivity to transient information at the beginning of the signal while identification used the ongoing signal. In support, he noted that this relation between paradigms was reversed when signals were made longer.
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